variable rate spray applications using proportional control systems can greatly reduce pesticide use and off-target contamination of environment in orchards. variable rate spraying of the canopy allows growers to apply pesticides only to the target, only use the correct quantity according to canopy size, season and growth stage and to apply plant protection products in an economic and environme...

many old damaged and undamaged building structures do not meet the criteria of modern seismic design codes. such structures need to be seismically enhanced. the main objective of this paper is to propose and validate the effectiveness of an upgrade scheme for non-seismic buildings using steel plate shear walls (spsw). the upgrade is carried out considering a probability-based drift-based criter...

When vision of the hand is unavailable, movements drift systematically away from their targets. It is unclear, however, why this drift occurs. We investigated whether drift is an active process, in which people deliberately modify their movements based on biased position estimates, causing the real hand to move away from the real target location, or a passive process, in which execution error a...

Concept drift occurs when a target concept changes over time. I present a new method for learning shifting target concepts during concept drift. The method, called Concept Drift Committee (CDC), uses a weighted committee of hypotheses that votes on the current classification. When a committee member’s voting record drops below a minimal threshold, the member is forced to retire. A new committee...

Definition of Drift When liquids are forced under pressure through small orifices (like sprayer nozzles) they are sheared into small aerosols or particles having nearly a thousand fold range in spherical diameters. Owing to gravitational forces and the viscosity of air, the rate of fall to ground can be predicted by Stokes Law and is proportional to the radius of the particles. The rate of fall...

A method to predict the column size for displacement based design of reinforced concrete frame buildings with higher target inter storey drift is reported here. The column depth derived from empirical relation as a function of given beam section, target inter-story drift, building plan features and common displacement based design parameters is used. Regarding the high drift requirement, a mini...

The spatial stability of microscopic target droplets used for laser-plasma soft x-ray generation in vacuum is investigated. A long-term drift in drop position is characterized with an ultrafast laser-diode imaging system. The drift is experimentally and theoretically shown to be due to a temperature-induced increase in target-liquid viscosity as a result of evaporation. Finally, the drift is co...

BACKGROUND Pesticides are widely used in agriculture, and off-target pesticide drift exposes workers and the public to harmful chemicals. OBJECTIVE We estimated the incidence of acute illnesses from pesticide drift from outdoor agricultural applications and characterized drift exposure and illnesses. METHODS Data were obtained from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's...